Patellofemoral instability

Patellofemoral instability means the kneecap slides partly or completely out of its groove. It is particularly common in adolescents and may follow a sporting injury or occur because of the shape and alignment of the knee.

Repeated dislocation can damage cartilage and cause ongoing apprehension or loss of confidence. Physiotherapy is often the first step. Recurrent or functionally limiting instability may be treated with surgery tailored to the underlying cause.